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Fertil Steril. 2017 Apr;107(4):1012-1022.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.02.105.

Demographic, lifestyle, and other factors in relation to antimüllerian hormone levels in mostly late premenopausal women.

Jung S1, Allen N2, Arslan AA3, Baglietto L4, Brinton LA5, Egleston BL6, Falk R5, Fortner RT7, Helzlsouer KJ8, Idahl A9, Kaaks R7, Lundin E10, Merritt M11, Onland-Moret C12, Rinaldi S13, Sánchez MJ14, Sieri S15, Schock H7, Shu XO16, Sluss PM17, Staats PN18, Travis RC19, Tjønneland A20, Trichopoulou A21, Tworoger S22, Visvanathan K23, Krogh V24, Weiderpass E25, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A26, Zheng W16, Dorgan JF27.

Author information

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To identify reproductive, lifestyle, hormonal, and other correlates of circulating antimüllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in mostly late premenopausal women.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING:

Not applicable.

PATIENT(S):

A total of 671 premenopausal women not known to have cancer.

INTERVENTION(S):

None.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):

Concentrations of AMH were measured in a single laboratory using the picoAMH ELISA. Multivariable-adjusted median (and interquartile range) AMH concentrations were calculated using quantile regression for several potential correlates.

RESULT(S):

Older women had significantly lower AMH concentrations (≥40 [n = 444] vs. <35 years [n = 64], multivariable-adjusted median 0.73 ng/mL vs. 2.52 ng/mL). Concentrations of AMH were also significantly lower among women with earlier age at menarche (<12 [n = 96] vs. ≥14 years [n = 200]: 0.90 ng/mL vs. 1.12 ng/mL) and among current users of oral contraceptives (n = 27) compared with never or former users (n = 468) (0.36 ng/mL vs. 1.15 ng/mL). Race, body mass index, education, height, smoking status, parity, and menstrual cycle phase were not significantly associated with AMH concentrations. There were no significant associations between AMH concentrations and androgen or sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations or with factors related to blood collection (e.g., sample type, time, season, and year of blood collection).

CONCLUSION(S):

Among premenopausal women, lower AMH concentrations are associated with older age, a younger age at menarche, and currently using oral contraceptives, suggesting these factors are related to a lower number or decreased secretory activity of ovarian follicles.