冷凍卵子可能對於紡垂體造成某種程序之傷害

紡垂體於慢速冷凍解凍過程一度消失
解凍過程後再予以重組
冷凍卵子仍可能對於卵子紡垂體造成某種程序之傷害

http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/3/655.long

冷凍卵子與新鮮卵子接受ICSI結果並無差異

冷凍卵子與新鮮卵子接受ICSI結果(受孕率，著床率，胚胎品質)並無明顯差異
卵子解凍存活率97%
卵子受孕率79%
優良品質胚胎比率52%

http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/1/66.full

卵子直徑

oocyte diameter: 100-120um
oocylte+cumulus diameter: 140-170um
immature oocyte < mature oocyte 5-10um

http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/1/37.full

卵子成熟過程

oocyte成熟過程
GVBD>Metaphase I(M1)>Anaphase I>Telophase I>Metaphase II(M2)

使用polescope可分辨telophase & metaphase II

少女初經時有30萬顆卵細胞，終其一生僅約650顆卵子成熟排出，

male PN 比female PN 較靠近 PB
male PN比female PN略大

http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/5/431.full

卵細胞空泡或顆粒化會影響胚胎冷凍解凍懷孕率

卵子細胞質異常會影響日後胚胎冷凍解凍懷孕率

細胞質異常包括卵子細胞內空泡或顆粒化:

Group 3.1, with dark cytoplasm with slight granulation; 
Group 3.2, with vacuolar cytoplasm; 
Group 3.3, central granulation. Vacuolar cytoplasm and central granulation were regarded as severe cytoplasmic abnormalities,


細胞質以外之異常較不影響冷凍解凍懷孕率，包括
Group 2.1 with irregular shape; 
Group 2.2 with large perivitelline space; 
Group 2.3, dark zona pellucida; 

http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/23/8/1778.full