蜂蜜& Vit E 有助於精蟲生長

動物實驗顯示，蜂蜜& Vit E 有助於精蟲生長

http://www.jhrsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0974-1208;year=2013;volume=6;issue=1;spage=54;epage=58;aulast=Hemadi

根據精蟲品質決定IVF時間長短

根據精蟲品質，活動力，數量，過去懷孕病史
決定IVF精蟲卵子受孕時間長短

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22136561

CoQ10可提高精蟲品質

CoQ10可提高精蟲數量與活動力

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23912751

精蟲能承受較鹼性環境，pH低於6.8精蟲無法存活

精液滲透壓(340–380 mOsm)高於血清滲透壓(280-300 mOsm)
精液pH7.2-8.0，精蟲能承受較鹼性環境，可在pH8-9間存活，但pH<6.8精蟲無法存活
精蟲細胞核包覆囊狀結構membrane bound (‘nuclear vacuoles’, more correctly ‘nuclear spaces’)---精蟲品質不佳
健康男性每日可製造數千萬~一億隻精蟲

http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/suppl_1/i1.full

精蟲telomere長度與精蟲數量有關

精蟲染色體telomere長度與精蟲數量有關，與病患年齡有關，
telomere越長，精蟲數量越多
telomere越短，精蟲數量越少，越易不孕

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633370

活動精蟲達200萬/ml可達35%懷孕率

精蟲活動力會影響懷孕率
活動精蟲達200萬/ml可達35%懷孕率


http://molehr.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/8/453.full

Figure 1

Data adapted and interpreted from Hargreave and Elton (1983) who studied in vivo conception in 867 subfertile couples. Note the effective plateau in conception rates with higher concentrations of motile cells and reduced per cent conception below ∼2 million motile cells/ml (blue bar). Importantly, small changes in the concentration of motile cells, e.g. from 0.5 to 1 million/ml, can have a noticeable effect on the chances of conception. This is the zone where small changes in the proportion of motile cells, for example, with in vitro drug stimulation can have a noticeable effect on fertility. These data are consistent with many other studies in the literature.

精蟲濃度低於4000萬仍可能下降懷孕率

正常精蟲濃度不應低於2000萬/ml
但精蟲濃度低於4000萬/ml仍可能會下降懷孕率

http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/6/593.full

抽菸引發精蟲mRNA & 蛋白質表現異常

抽菸引發精蟲mRNA & 蛋白質表現異常 (histone-to-protamine ratios, protamine mRNA expression)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24112532

精液中含共生性厭氧球菌造成精液品質下降

精液中含有多種共生性厭氧球菌Anaerococcus, 造成精液感染&精蟲品質下降

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23993888

年紀對於精蟲之影響

研究顯示，年紀對於精蟲之影響如下
>34歲，精蟲數量逐漸下降
>40歲，精蟲形狀正常比率逐漸下降
>43歲，精蟲活動力逐漸下降
>45歲，精液量逐漸下降

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23809502

三種精蟲冷凍液之比較

三種精蟲冷凍液:

1. TEST-yolk buffer (TYB); (Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, CA),
2. Sperm freezing medium; (Medi-Cult, Copenhagen, Denmark)
3. Enhance sperm freeze; (Conception Technologies, San Diego, CA)

結果: TYB 與Sperm freezing medium達到較佳之解凍後活動力

from: Fertility and Sterility Volume 74, Issue 3, Supplement 1 , Page S243, September 2000