AMH促進原始卵細胞之增長, AMH反而抑制原始卵細胞之最後成熟
原始卵細胞之最後成熟階段需經由FHS, LH刺激啟動

Hum Reprod. 2016 May 9. pii: dew100. [Epub ahead of print]

Anti-Müllerian hormone promotes pre-antral follicle growth, but inhibits antral follicle maturation and dominant follicle selection in primates.

Xu J1, Bishop CV2, Lawson MS2, Park BS3, Xu F2.

Author information

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION:

What are the direct effects and physiological role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during primate follicular development and function at specific stages of folliculogenesis?

SUMMARY ANSWER:

AMH actions in the primate ovary may be stage-dependent, directly promoting pre-antral follicle growth while inhibiting antral follicle maturation and dominant follicle selection.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY:

AMH is expressed in the adult ovary, particularly in developing follicles. Studies in mice suggest that AMH suppresses pre-antral follicle growth in vitro, and inhibits primordial follicle recruitment and FSH-stimulated antral follicle steroidogenesis.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION:

For in vitro study, secondary follicles were isolated from ovaries of 12 rhesus macaques and cultured for 5 weeks. For in vivo study, intraovarian infusion was conducted on five monkeys for the entire follicular phase during two spontaneous menstrual cycles.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS:

For in vitro study, individual follicles were cultured in a 5% O2 environment, in alpha minimum essential medium supplemented with recombinant human FSH. Follicles were randomly assigned to treatments of recombinant human AMH protein or neutralizing anti-human AMH antibody (AMH-Ab). Follicle survival, growth, steroid production, steroidogenic enzyme expression, and oocyte maturation were assessed. For in vivo study, ovaries were infused with control vehicle or AMH-Ab during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Cycle length, serum steroid levels, and antral follicle growth were evaluated.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE:

AMH exposure during culture weeks 0-3 (pre-antral stage) promoted, while AMH-Ab delayed, antrum formation of growing follicles compared with controls. AMH treatment during culture weeks 3-5 (antral stage) decreased (P < 0.05) estradiol (E2) production, as well as the mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A polypeptide 1, by antral follicles relative to controls, whereas AMH-Ab increased (P < 0.05) follicular mRNA levels of the enzyme. Intraovarian infusion of AMH-Ab during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle increased (P < 0.05) the average levels of serum E2 compared with those of the control cycles. Three of the five AMH-Ab-treated ovaries displayed multiple (n = 2-9) medium-to-large (2-8 mm) antral follicles at the mid-cycle E2 peak, whereas only one large (4-7 mm) antral follicle was observed in all monkeys during their control cycles. The average levels of serum progesterone were higher (P < 0.05) during the luteal phase of cycles following the AMH-Ab infusion relative to the vehicle infusion.